Ladakh is a land like no other. Bounded by two of
the world's mightiest mountain ranges, the Great Himalaya and the
Karakoram, it lies athwart two other, the Ladakh range and the Zanskar
range. Ladakh lies at altitudes ranging from about 9,000 feet (2750m)
at Kargil to 25,170 feet (7,672m) at Saser Kangri in the Karakoram.
The religious philosophy of Buddhism, however, profound and subtle doesn't preclude
an immense joie-de-vivre among its Ladakhi adhe-rents,a nd even solemn religious
enactments are made the occasion for joyous celebration.
Many of the annual festivals of the gompas take place in winter, a relatively
idle time for the majority of the people. They take the form of dance-dramas
in the gompa courtyards. Lamas, robed in colourful garments and wearing often
startlingly frightful masks, performs mimes representing various aspects of
the religion such as the progress of the individual soul and its purification
or the triumph of good over evil.
Local people flock from near and far to these events, and the spiritual benefits
they get are no doubt heightened by their enjoyment of the party atmosphere,
with crowds of women and men, the opportunity to make new friendships and renew
old ones, the general bustle and sense of occasion.
The biggest and most famous of the monastic festivals, frequented by tourists
and local alike, is that of Hemis, which falls in late June or the first half
of July, and is dedicated to Padmasambhava. Every 12 years, the gompa's greatest
treasure, a huge thangka - a religious icon painted or embroidered on cloth
- is ritually exhibited.
The next unveiling is due to take place in A.D. 2004. Other monasteries which
have summer festivals are Lamayuru (also early July), Phiyang (late July or
early August), Tak-thok (about ten days afer Phiyang) and Karsha in Zanskar
(11 days after Phiyang). Like Hemis, the Phiyang festival too involves the exhibition
of gigantic thangka, though here it is done every year.
Spituk, stok, thikse, chemrey and Matho all have their festivals in winter,
between November and March. Likir and Deskit (Nubra )time their festivals to
coincide with Dosmoche, the festival of the scapegoat, which is also celebrated
with fervour at Leh.
Falling in the second half of February, Dosmoche is one of two New Year festivals,
the other being Losar. At Dosmoche, a great wooden mast decorated with streamers
and religious emblems is et up outside Leh.
At the appointed time, offerings of storma, ritual figures moulded out of dough,
are brought out and ceremonially cast away into the desert, or burnt. These
scapegoats carry away with them the evil spirits of the old year, and thus the
town is cleansed and made ready to welcome the new year.
Losar falls about the time of the winter solstice, any time between 8th and
30th December. All Ladakhi Buddhists celebrate it by making offerings to the
gods, both in gompas and in their domestic shrines.
